HIGH-DOSE INTRAVENOUS VITAMIN C IN COMBINATION WITH 2-DEOXY GLUCOSE (2DG)
Intravenous Vitamin C in cancer
Vitamin C is being taken in dietary and supplementary forms. It has proved to be detrimental to cancer cells. It is given to cancer patients of different cancer types and harms only tumor cells without affecting the normal body cells. So, ascorbic acid or any of its derivatives can be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.
Vitamin C or ascorbic acid alters the glucose metabolism of the cancer cells. The most important hallmark of tumor cells is increased energy production by glycolysis, or the Warburg effect. They take up glucose from the environment and produce energy by glycolytic pathway instead of oxidative phosphorylation as done by normal body cells. Glucose binds the glucose transporters and is converted to pyruvate by glycolysis (Carr & Cook, 2018).
When vitamin C is administered in the cell, it will bind the glucose transporters and limit them to binding of glucose, thus cancer cells will not be able to take excess glucose, and not enough energy production takes place in the tumor cells. Tumor cells have increased proliferation and growth, so they need a large amount of energy for their survival. When enough energy will not be produced, cells will not be able to perform their basic survival functions and will ultimately die.
Moreover, vitamin C produces reactive oxygen species ROS in the tumor cells, which will cause oxidative stress, and this will also halt cell survival affecting many biochemical processes in the cells and killing them.
Vitamin C and many of its derivatives are being used in different anti-cancer studies. Many human and preclinical trials have been performed to check the correlation between vitamin C and cancers. And significant outcomes have been observed (Codini, 2020).
2DG and Cancer
2DG is an analog of glucose and an inhibitor of glycolysis. It is also being used as an important therapeutic strategy against cancer. It only targets cancer cells without any harm to the normal cells and has the ability to kill the cancer cells. It is also given after cancer treatment patients in order to prevent tumor recurrence later in life.
2DG has structural similarity with the glucose molecule. As cancer cells require a lot of glucose to meet their energy needs by glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. Cancer cells will take up 2DG bound to the glucose transporters instead of a normal glucose molecule. It is converted to phosphor form by hexokinase enzyme, but it cannot be metabolized like the normal glucose molecule and hence, can not produce energy. When cancer cells become deprived of energy, they cannot perform metabolic activities and hence, cannot survive. So, 2DG is being used to kill tumor cells of any type.
Normal cells can produce energy by oxidative phosphorylation as well. So, if glucose cannot bind to glucose transporters, they will have another option for energy production and survival. So, these are not harmed by 2DG (Bonuccelli et al., 2017).
Intravenous Vitamin C in combination with 2DG
As mentioned above, vitamin C and 2DG both are being used against the tumor cells, and both have the ability to target the glucose or energy-producing metabolism of the cancer cells. So, many experiments have been performed in vivo and in vitro to check the combined effects of vitamin C injected intravenously and 2DG given to cancer patients. Significant results have been seen when these are used as a combination therapy against cancer.
In vitro Experiments
Experiments were performed on the breast cancer cell lines to check the combined effects of vitamin C and 2DG against tumor activity. Some cell lines were given 2DG alone, some were given Vitamin C alone, and the third group of cell lines was given both vitamin C and 2DG.
After a few weeks, tumor activity was observed in all the cell lines to check if the combined action is more effective than individual therapies or not. It was observed that the cell lines that were given both therapies simultaneously, i.e., vitamin C and 2DG showed more effective results, as tumor size was greatly reduced in these as compared to the cell lines receiving 2DG or vitamin C therapies individually. So, in vitro experiments proved that the combined action of 2DG and vitamin C is more effective for different cancer types.
In vivo Experiments
After passing the in vitro experiments, the same findings were done in vivo using animal models. Mice were used as model organisms and were divided into multiple groups. These were injected with a mutagen to make breast cancer models and later, one group was used as a control that was not given therapy. Another group was given 2DG alone to treat cancer, one more group was given vitamin C alone, while the last group was given both vitamin C and 2DG. Vitamin C was injected intravenously into the mice and standard doses were given on a daily basis. After a few weeks results were observed in all the mice groups.
The mice group that was given 2DG or Vitamin C therapies alone showed tumor reduction, but the group that was given both therapies in combination showed a greater reduction in the tumor as compared to both of these groups and the control. So, the combined action of 2DG and vitamin C proved to be more severe against the tumors as compared to their individual effects (De Francesco et al., 2017). Hence, this combination therapy can be more promising than conventional therapies in the near future.
Human Trials
Human trials are also being performed on cancer patients to check the effectiveness of the therapy. It is observed that the last stage cancer patients lack vitamin C in their bodies although it is an important component in many important pathways acting as a coenzyme and also stimulates the body’s immune system. So, giving vitamin C to these patients helps them fight against cancer.
Cancer patients were given 2DG in combination with vitamin C that was injected intravenously, and it was observed that the rate of tumor reduction increases in these patients significantly. Vitamin C induces apoptosis in the cancer cells. It also kills the tumor cells by increasing oxidative stress and by inhibiting HIF-1 which is very important for the survival of malignant cells under low oxygen conditions.
So, the combined use of 2DG and vitamin C will kill the tumor cells by acting through different mechanisms from targeting the sugar metabolism to inducing apoptosis. This combinational therapy can be used following the standard treatment conditions for treating almost all types of cancer patients (Satheesh et al., 2020).
Conclusion
2DG, a glucose analog, targets glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Vitamin C targets sugar metabolism as well as induces apoptosis in malignant cells. When both 2DG and vitamin C are used in combination, they have more significant outcomes in treating cancer. Both of these targets the tumor cells without affecting normal body cells present around them.
References
Bonuccelli, G., De Francesco, E. M., de Boer, R., Tanowitz, H. B., & Lisanti, M. P. (2017). NADH autofluorescence, a new metabolic biomarker for cancer stem cells: Identification of Vitamin C and CAPE as natural products targeting “stemness.” Oncotarget, 8(13), 20667–20678. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.15400
Carr, A. C., & Cook, J. (2018). Intravenous vitamin C for cancer therapy – Identifying the current gaps in our knowledge. Frontiers in Physiology, 9(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01182
Codini, M. (2020). Why vitamin C could be an excellent complementary remedy to conventional therapies for breast cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(21), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218397
De Francesco, E. M., Bonuccelli, G., Maggiolini, M., Sotgia, F., & Lisanti, M. P. (2017). Vitamin C and Doxycycline: A synthetic lethal combination therapy targeting metabolic flexibility in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Oncotarget, 8(40), 67269–67286. https://doi.org/10.18632/ONCOTARGET.18428
Satheesh, N. J., Samuel, S. M., & Büsselberg, D. (2020). Combination therapy with vitamin C could eradicate cancer stem cells. Biomolecules, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010079
Wonderful article! We will be linking to this particularly great article on our site. Keep up the good writing.
An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a friend who has been doing a little research on this. And he actually ordered me dinner because I found it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending time to talk about this matter here on your website.
You have made some good points there. I checked on the net for additional information about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this site.
Very good article. I am experiencing many of these issues as well..
Pretty! This has been an incredibly wonderful article. Thank you for supplying these details.
After checking out a number of the articles on your blog, I truly like your technique of writing a blog. I saved it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back soon. Please visit my web site too and tell me what you think.
Can I just say what a relief to uncover an individual who truly knows what they’re talking about over the internet. You definitely know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More and more people should look at this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised you aren’t more popular since you definitely possess the gift.
Can I simply say what a comfort to uncover somebody who actually knows what they’re discussing on the web. You certainly know how to bring a problem to light and make it important. More people have to read this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised that you are not more popular because you definitely have the gift.
There’s definately a great deal to find out about this subject. I like all the points you have made.
I really love your website.. Very nice colors & theme. Did you make this site yourself? Please reply back as I’m planning to create my very own site and would like to find out where you got this from or what the theme is called. Thank you!
Good blog post. I definitely appreciate this website. Thanks!
Good information. Lucky me I found your site by chance (stumbleupon). I have book marked it for later.
Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Many thanks, However I am having problems with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I am unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody else having the same RSS issues? Anyone who knows the solution will you kindly respond? Thanx!
After looking over a number of the blog articles on your site, I honestly like your way of writing a blog. I added it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back soon. Please visit my website as well and let me know your opinion.
Aw, this was an extremely nice post. Taking a few minutes and actual effort to produce a top notch article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a lot and don’t seem to get nearly anything done.
Greetings! Very helpful advice in this particular post! It is the little changes that produce the greatest changes. Thanks a lot for sharing!
This is a good tip particularly to those fresh to the blogosphere. Simple but very precise info… Thank you for sharing this one. A must read post!
Your style is really unique in comparison to other people I’ve read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just bookmark this page.
There is definately a great deal to find out about this issue. I love all of the points you’ve made.
I needed to thank you for this very good read!! I absolutely enjoyed every little bit of it. I have you bookmarked to check out new things you post…
Good post. I certainly love this site. Keep writing!
Everyone loves it when individuals come together and share thoughts. Great site, keep it up!
Тут можно преобрести сео продвижение медицинских сайтов продвижение сайтов медицинской тематики
You ought to take part in a contest for one of the finest sites on the net. I will highly recommend this web site!
Aw, this was an exceptionally good post. Taking the time and actual effort to make a really good article… but what can I say… I put things off a whole lot and never manage to get anything done.
Тут можно преобрести продвижение медицинской клиники продвижение медицинских услуг
An outstanding share! I have just forwarded this onto a colleague who has been conducting a little homework on this. And he in fact bought me dinner due to the fact that I discovered it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending some time to talk about this topic here on your web page.
An impressive share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a colleague who was conducting a little homework on this. And he actually ordered me breakfast due to the fact that I found it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to talk about this subject here on your site.
An intriguing discussion is worth comment. I think that you need to publish more on this topic, it might not be a taboo matter but typically folks don’t speak about these topics. To the next! Kind regards!
There is certainly a great deal to find out about this issue. I love all the points you made.
This is a topic that’s close to my heart… Best wishes! Where can I find the contact details for questions?
Aw, this was a very good post. Finding the time and actual effort to produce a really good article… but what can I say… I hesitate a whole lot and never manage to get nearly anything done.
Way cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you writing this write-up and also the rest of the website is very good.
An outstanding share! I have just forwarded this onto a friend who was doing a little research on this. And he actually bought me lunch due to the fact that I found it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending some time to discuss this matter here on your web page.
This page definitely has all the information I needed about this subject and didn’t know who to ask.
After I originally commented I appear to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now every time a comment is added I get 4 emails with the exact same comment. Is there an easy method you are able to remove me from that service? Appreciate it.
Oh my goodness! Awesome article dude! Thank you, However I am experiencing issues with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I cannot subscribe to it. Is there anyone else getting similar RSS problems? Anyone that knows the solution will you kindly respond? Thanx!
Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post. Taking a few minutes and actual effort to make a great article… but what can I say… I hesitate a whole lot and never manage to get nearly anything done.
I used to be able to find good advice from your blog posts.
May I simply say what a comfort to find somebody who really understands what they are discussing online. You certainly know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More and more people ought to look at this and understand this side of your story. I can’t believe you are not more popular given that you most certainly possess the gift.
Aw, this was an incredibly nice post. Finding the time and actual effort to make a superb article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a whole lot and don’t seem to get nearly anything done.
I couldn’t refrain from commenting. Well written.
Having read this I thought it was very enlightening. I appreciate you taking the time and energy to put this informative article together. I once again find myself personally spending a significant amount of time both reading and commenting. But so what, it was still worth it.
When I originally commented I appear to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get four emails with the exact same comment. There has to be a means you can remove me from that service? Thanks.
Spot on with this write-up, I seriously think this website needs a great deal more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read more, thanks for the info.
Тут можно преобрести купить взломостойкий сейф купить сейф взломостойкий в москве
Тут можно преобрести сейфы взломостойкие класса сейф взломостойкий цена
Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Many thanks, However I am encountering issues with your RSS. I don’t understand why I cannot join it. Is there anyone else getting similar RSS issues? Anyone who knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanx.
Great article. I’m facing many of these issues as well..
Greetings! Very useful advice in this particular article! It is the little changes that make the most significant changes. Many thanks for sharing!
Howdy! I could have sworn I’ve been to your blog before but after looking at a few of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Nonetheless, I’m certainly pleased I discovered it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back frequently.
Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon every day. It will always be helpful to read articles from other authors and practice something from other sites.
I used to be able to find good info from your content.
This blog was… how do you say it? Relevant!! Finally I’ve found something that helped me. Appreciate it!
An outstanding share! I have just forwarded this onto a colleague who was conducting a little research on this. And he actually bought me lunch simply because I discovered it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to discuss this subject here on your web site.
I was more than happy to uncover this site. I wanted to thank you for your time just for this fantastic read!! I definitely loved every part of it and i also have you saved to fav to see new stuff on your website.
I like reading an article that will make men and women think. Also, thanks for allowing me to comment.
This website was… how do you say it? Relevant!! Finally I have found something that helped me. Appreciate it.
I could not refrain from commenting. Very well written.
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me. https://accounts.binance.com/fr/register-person?ref=GJY4VW8W
pdacenter.ru – сервис по ремонту бытовой техники
Ремонт фотоаппаратов в Краснодаре в официальном сервисном центре PDACENTER.
Наши инженеры выполняют ремонт любой сложности по дотупным ценам!
Hi, I do believe this is an excellent web site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I’m going to return yet again since I book-marked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to help others.
Oh my goodness! Amazing article dude! Thanks, However I am encountering problems with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why I can’t subscribe to it. Is there anybody getting similar RSS issues? Anyone that knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanks!!
What a material of un-ambiguity and preserveness of valuabe know-how on the
tooic of unexpected emotions. https://menbehealth.Wordpress.com/
Hi! I just wish to give you a huge thumbs up for the excellent info you have right here on this post. I am coming back to your website for more soon.
Next time I read a blog, I hope that it does not fail me just as much as this one. I mean, Yes, it was my choice to read, nonetheless I genuinely believed you would probably have something useful to talk about. All I hear is a bunch of crying about something you could possibly fix if you were not too busy looking for attention.
Howdy, There’s no doubt that your blog may be having browser compatibility issues. When I take a look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine however when opening in IE, it’s got some overlapping issues. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Besides that, fantastic blog!
Excellent article. I am dealing with some of these issues as well..
Wonderful article! We are linking to this particularly great content on our website. Keep up the good writing.
I was able to find good advice from your content.
It’s nearly impossible to find knowledgeable people about this subject, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
Oh my goodness! Amazing article dude! Thank you, However I am going through issues with your RSS. I don’t know why I am unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody getting similar RSS problems? Anyone that knows the answer will you kindly respond? Thanks!
Everything is very open with a clear description of the challenges. It was truly informative. Your website is very useful. Many thanks for sharing!
You need to be a part of a contest for one of the greatest sites on the web. I’m going to highly recommend this website!
Hi, I do believe this is a great blog. I stumbledupon it 😉 I’m going to return yet again since i have book marked it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide other people.
Spot on with this write-up, I really think this amazing site needs a lot more attention. I’ll probably be back again to see more, thanks for the info.
Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту бытовой техники с выездом на дом.
Мы предлагаем:сервисные центры в москве
Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!
When I initially commented I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on every time a comment is added I get four emails with the same comment. There has to be an easy method you can remove me from that service? Thank you.
When I originally commented I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now whenever a comment is added I get 4 emails with the exact same comment. There has to be a way you can remove me from that service? Appreciate it.
A motivating discussion is definitely worth comment. I do believe that you ought to publish more about this issue, it may not be a taboo matter but typically people do not speak about such topics. To the next! Best wishes.
This is a really good tip especially to those new to the blogosphere. Brief but very accurate information… Appreciate your sharing this one. A must read article!
After I initially left a comment I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I recieve four emails with the exact same comment. Perhaps there is a way you can remove me from that service? Thank you.
After I originally left a comment I seem to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now whenever a comment is added I get four emails with the exact same comment. Is there a means you can remove me from that service? Thanks a lot.
When I initially commented I seem to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I receive four emails with the exact same comment. Is there an easy method you can remove me from that service? Many thanks.
I have to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this website. I really hope to see the same high-grade content from you in the future as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my very own blog now 😉
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
Spot on with this write-up, I honestly feel this website needs a great deal more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read more, thanks for the information!
Your style is very unique compared to other people I’ve read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark this blog.
I’m more than happy to find this web site. I want to to thank you for ones time for this particularly wonderful read!! I definitely liked every part of it and I have you book marked to check out new things in your blog.
There is certainly a great deal to learn about this issue. I like all the points you’ve made.
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?